Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, commonly referred to as ADHD, is a condition of excessive distractibility and impulsivity. Kids easily are drawn away from their tasks and make quick and sometimes poor judgments. They have difficulty waiting for rewards. You don’t have to be hyperactive to have the condition. In fact, you don’t even have to be a kid. Many adults now are diagnosed with ADHD.
Children are more frequently diagnosed with ADHD when they start school because the demands of paying attention at school are greater than at home. The problem occurs in the brain, where areas that control impulse are underactive. We know this from modern imaging studies, like MRIs. The main area that this occurs is in the frontal lobe. In addition to controlling impulses, the frontal lobe also is involved with our decision-making skills.
ADHD is common, occurring in about one in 25 kids. Boys tend to be more affected than girls. Girls often will have a lot of symptoms without being hyperactive. There are a few factors, such as prematurity, that can make ADHD more likely. For the most part, it is a condition that is present from birth. It is not caused by inappropriate parenting, the wrong diet (such as too much sugar) or stress. While genetics now are being tested, we know there is a strong family correlation. Other family members often have similar traits.
There are two main therapies for ADHD. One is behavioral. The other is medication.
Changing the school or home environment may help. Allowing for the strengths and weaknesses of each child is important as well. Working with schools and therapists can be beneficial.
Dietary measures usually do not change symptoms.
Most kids with ADHD do well with medication. There may be reluctance to use these medications, but with the proper dosage and administration they are safe and effective. There are several types of medications that can help. A health care professional can work with you to find the right one and the right dose.
Parents may wish to avoid labeling their child or, if diagnosed, use medication. This often leads to unnecessary school or social problems. Many physicians and other health care professionals have good questionnaire screening tools to help. If you are concerned, talk with your doctor.
Paul Norton, MD, is a behavioral specialist at Children’s Medical Group-Greensquare Developmental Specialists.
FAST FACT: Children’s Medical Group physicians provide primary and behavioral care for children in 18 clinics throughout southeastern Wisconsin. In addition, the medical group oversees the School Nurse Program located in central city Milwaukee Public Schools, where Children's Hospital and Health System and private schools provide care for students. Find a local pediatrician at www.childrensmedicalgroup.org.