Giving 'tweens and teens the human papillomavirus vaccine called Gardisil® before they are sexually active and exposed to HPV can cut the risk of cervical cancer by 70 percent, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. With all of the media attention surrounding the vaccine, it is natural for parents to have many questions. Some of the most common questions include:

Which age group is recommended for the vaccine?
Girls and women age 13 to 25 who are not sexually active are encouraged to receive Gardisil®, which is given in a series of three injections over a six-month period.

Why is the vaccine recommended for 'tweens and teens?
The vaccine is most effective in girls who are not sexually active and have not acquired one of the 40 types of the HPV virus that are high-risk and associated with cervical cancer, as well as pharyngeal, or throat cancer. Gardisil® specifically targets these two types of cancers and two types of genital warts.

Why can’t boys receive the vaccine?
The vaccine has only been FDA approved for girls at this time.  Currently, studies are being done to look at the effectiveness of the vaccine in males as well.  If approved for use in males, it will have the benefit of preventing some types of throat cancer and decreasing the spread of genital warts to females.

Are there any side affects from receiving the vaccine?
There may be minor side affects from the vaccine such as local irritation, pain or fainting. Patients are monitored after the vaccine is injected to watch for fainting.

Gardisil® has been tested for five years. Because it has a lasting immunity, a booster shot is not recommended for children receiving the vaccine.

FAST FACT: The HPV vaccine is the first vaccine that specifically targets cancer.

Sarah J. Lerand, MD, MPH, is a physician in the Adolescent Health and Medicine Program at Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin. The program sees 'tweens and teens for issues related to nutrition, general physical development, concerns related to puberty, assessment for eating disorders, stress and anxiety, depression and developmental and transitional periods complicated by chronic illness, developmental or learning disorders.

Children's Hospital is Growing UP! Take a virtual tour at thisismychildrens.org. 

Many parents consider leaving their children home alone while they are at work. Knowing when your child is ready for this added responsibility requires careful consideration.
   
First, contact your county social service agency and ask for local guidelines on the age children legally can be left alone. However, keep in mind that age alone will not determine if your child is ready. You also need to ask yourself the following questions:

Physical maturity
• Can my child lock and unlock the door?
• Can my child use the telephone?
• Can my child prepare a snack?

Learning ability
• Can my child read and write?
• Can my child follow directions?
• Does my child use good judgment?

Emotional maturity
• Is my child confident?
• Is my child fearful?
• Is my child stressed?
• Does my child display acceptable behavior consistently?
• Is he or she comfortable being home alone?

Safety considerations
• Can my child reach me in an emergency?
• Do I have a backup person my child can contact if I cannot be reached?
• Does my employer allow me to make personal phone calls to check on my child?
• Do we live in a neighborhood where my child will be safe and feel comfortable?
• Is there someone my child can go to in the neighborhood in an emergency?
• Will there be responsibilities for siblings?

Clear rules and expectations should be outlined. Parents also should prepare and rehearse an emergency plan with their child.

Interaction with adults is crucial to child development. Time spent home alone should be limited. Make building your family’s support system a goal, so other adults can be available to share in caring for children. 

Gloria Tarrer is the director of the Family Resource Center of Sherman Park. The family resource center is a service of Children's Service Society of Wisconsin. For more information about letting your child stay home alone or to receive a complete schedule of free parenting classes, programs and resources, call (414) 444-5760.
 

It’s common for kids to be concerned about their looks—especially during the ‘tween and teen years. Unfortunately for a growing number of kids, that concern can grow into a weight obsession that can lead to serious physical and psychological complications. Eating disorders most commonly occur between the ages of 14 and 17 but may occur earlier or later. Females are affected most often, but males can be affected as well.

Warning signs of an eating disorder
•    Food clues: eating tiny portions, avoiding meals with other people, eating secretly or hiding food, refusing to eat, “not being hungry” at meal times, avoiding fat, sugar or meat, unusual food choices or cravings, unusual eating habits such as cutting food up into very tiny pieces, moving food around a lot on their plate, disappearing after eating, often to go to the bathroom.
•    Thought clues: like vocalization of intense fear of being or becoming fat, obsession about appearance and body or withdrawing from family or friends.
•    Activity clues: insisting on exercising every day,  feeling “stressed out” if a workout is missed, refusal to stop activity when injured and secretive exercise.
•    Physical cues: weight loss or frequent weight fluctuations, abdomen pain or bloating, irregular or loss of menstrual cycles, feeling cold much of the time, stress fractures or repetitive injuries.

It’s important to remember that eating disorders are caused by many factors. It also is very important for parents of children with eating disorders not to blame themselves. Families do not cause eating disorders, but they can help prevent them and are key to recovery if an eating disorder does develop.

What can parents do to help prevent eating disorders?
Model healthy eating behaviors at home.
•    Encourage family meal times. Research has shown that children in families who eat meals together most days of the week have better nutritional intake and a decreased risk for unhealthy weight control practices.
•    Offer balanced meals that incorporate whole grains, fruits and vegetables, proteins and heart healthy fats.
•    Replace sugary juices and soft drinks with low-fat milk and water.
•    Enjoy food. Desserts and other snacks are not bad when eaten in moderation.
Encourage an active but not overactive life style.
•    Make time for family walks, bike rides and active fun. 
•    Find activities your child enjoys.
•    Avoid over-programming your child in sporting events. Have them choose one sports team or activity at a time.
Avoid teasing about weight. Researchers have shown that kids who are teased about their weight are at higher risk for developing an eating disorder.
•    Become wise media watchers. Be aware of inappropriate messages about body image in the television shows your child watches.
•    Limit media use to one or two hours a day. Avoid putting a TV in your child’s bedroom.
•    Watch TV or look at magazines with your child and talk about what you are seeing.
•    Help your child appreciate and resist ways in which the media distorts the true diversity of human body types and imply “thinner is better.”

If you suspect your teen has an eating disorder, your pediatrician or family practice physician is a good judge of the physical symptoms and can call in specialists to help treat this serious disease. The Adolescent Health and Medicine Program at Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin specializes in assessment for eating disorders. For more information or to have your child evaluated, call Central Scheduling at (414) 607-5280.

An Eating Disorder Parent Support Group, hosted by the Adolescent Health Clinic, is open to any family of a child with an eating disorder. The group meets from 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. the first and third Tuesday of each month in the Adolescent Health Clinic, first floor, Children's Clinics Building connected to Children's Hospital in Wauwatosa. For more information call Pat Stoll, MSW, at (414) 266-2754.

Sarah J. Lerand, MD, is an adolescent medicine physician at Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin.

FAST FACT: The growing field of adolescent medicine specializes in caring for kids ages 10-21, with issues related to physical development, nutrition, body image and emotional well-being. Adolescent Medicine complements the care your pediatrician or physician provides. The team at Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin includes board-certified adolescent medicine physicians, nurses, a dietitian and social worker who work together to provide care in a team setting.